What’s So Special about a Roth IRA?
Even though Roth individual retirement accounts
(IRAs) have been around since 1998, many investors aren't aware
of all the differences between traditional and Roth IRAs. Thus,
they aren't sure which IRA is the better alternative for them.
As a summary, the unique features of a Roth IRA include:
- Single taxpayers with adjusted gross income
(AGI) less than $95,000 and married taxpayers filing jointly
with AGI less than $150,000 can make contributions to a Roth
IRA, regardless of their participation in a qualified retirement
plan. Contributions are phased out for married taxpayers filing
jointly with AGI between $150,000 and $160,000 and for single
taxpayers with AGI between $95,000 and $110,000.
- Since contributions are not tax deductible,
they can be withdrawn at any time, even before age 59 1/2, without
paying income taxes or the 10% federal tax penalty.
- Contributions can be made as long as you
have earned income, no matter how old you are.
- Qualified distributions can be taken free
of federal income taxes. A qualified distribution is one made
after reaching age 59 1/2
and at least five tax years after the
first contribution. Distributions can also be taken free of federal
income tax due to death, disability, or to pay up to $10,000
of qualified first-time homebuyer expenses.
- There are no mandatory minimum distributions
after age 70 1/2. You can take out as much or as little as you
want after age 59 1/2, but you can allow the balance to grow on a tax-free
basis if you don't need the money.
- Qualified distributions from Roth IRAs
are not included in AGI, so they don't affect whether Social
Security benefits are subject to income taxes.
- Roth IRAs can provide a tax-advantaged
way to bequeath assets to heirs. Both traditional and Roth IRAs
may be subject to estate taxes, depending on your estate's total
value and who your beneficiary is. However, the beneficiaries
of traditional IRAs must pay income taxes on distributions, while
Roth IRA beneficiaries receive qualified amounts free of federal
income taxes.
So, based on all these unique features,
which is a better alternative for you - a traditional deductible
or a Roth IRA? Look at these factors before deciding:
- Consider your current marginal income
tax bracket and your expected bracket when the funds will be
withdrawn. If your marginal tax bracket will be the same, either
IRA will produce a similar result. Declining marginal tax rates
may make a deductible IRA a better alternative, while increasing
marginal rates may make the Roth IRA a better alternative.
- If you make the maximum IRA contribution
to a Roth IRA, you will have a larger after-tax balance than
making maximum contributions to a deductible IRA. This occurs
because you are essentially funding the tax bill with funds outside
the Roth IRA. To offset the Roth IRA's advantage, you would also
have to invest the tax savings from your traditional IRA contribution.
- Don't forget the Roth IRA's other advantages.
If you don't think you'll need to make withdrawals after age
70 1/2,
the Roth IRA can continue to grow on a tax-free basis. Or, if
you think you'll need your contributions before age 59 1/2, you can
withdraw Roth IRA contributions at any time with no tax consequences.
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About David K. Sebastian
David K. Sebastian, CFP®, and his team of experts at The Physicians Wealth Management Group specialize in working with individual physicians and group medical practices. David is considered to be one of the top financial advisors in the country with more than twenty five years of Wall Street experience as a chief investment officer, portfolio manager, institutional bond trader, and estate planning, benefits planning and retirement consultant.
Commitment to his clients’ financial needs and well being is a primary motivation for David.
The Physicians Wealth Management Group was specifically created to address and manage all of the unique financial challenges that doctors are facing both individually and through their group medical practices.
Feel free to contact me at www.physicianswealth.com or dsebastian@sfr1.com or call me at (973) 285-3600
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